Neoantigen Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TIL) Therapy
Neoantigens are novel protein fragments that arise from tumor-specific mutations, making them unique to cancer cells. These antigens can elicit a strong immune response because they are not present in normal tissues. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are immune cells, particularly T cells, that have migrated into the tumor microenvironment, where they play a crucial role in recognizing and attacking cancer cells.
Mechanism of Action
Recognition of Neoantigens: TILs can recognize neoantigens presented on the surface of tumor cells by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. This recognition is critical for the activation of TILs and their subsequent attack on cancer cells.
Expansion of TILs: TILs are typically isolated from tumor biopsies and then expanded in the laboratory. This process involves stimulating the TILs with interleukins and other factors to increase their numbers.
- Reinfusion: Once expanded, these activated TILs can be reinfused into the patient, where they seek out and destroy tumor cells expressing the recognized neoantigens.
- Persistence and Memory: Some reinfused TILs may persist long-term, providing a memory response that can protect against future tumor recurrences.
